项目管理中的利益相关者管理策略

Your project has been completed when yourstakeholdersare satisfied. If your stakeholders are not happy, you cannot say your project was successful.

Therefore, you must manage your stakeholders according to their requirements and expectations.

良好的利益相关者管理策略可以帮助您满足利益相关者的要求。

Developing a stakeholder management strategy is a three-step process. The first step is to identify them. The second step is to classify and rank them. You can use any parameters for prioritization; for example, power, interest, or influence.

Afterward, you will develop a strategy to manage them.

I have explained the stakeholder identification process in a previous blog post. Now we will discuss stakeholder classification and management strategy.

利益相关者分类

Every stakeholder has different requirements. Developing a strategy for each individual will be difficult, so you will group them according to their requirements, power, or influence. Afterward, you will plan your strategy to manage these groups. This will help you develop a strategy efficiently.

Though some influential stakeholders need their own strategy, but this is not common.

因此，您将首先对利益相关者进行分类，然后制定利益相关者管理策略。

了解以下内容将帮助您分类利益相关者：

• 他们在项目中的力量
• 他们对项目的影响
• Their desire to be involved
• 他们对该项目的兴趣

这些问题的答案将帮助您对利益相关者进行分类。您可以使用以下模型之一：

• Power and interest
• Power and influence
• 影响和影响
• Power, urgency, and legitimacy

Power and Interest

Here, you group stakeholders according to their power and their interest in the project.

In this grid, stakeholders’ attributes are high-power or low-power and high-interest or low-interest.

Power and Influence

Here, you group stakeholders as per their power and influence on the project.

在这里,利益相关者的属性是大功率或low-power and high-interest or low-interest.

Influence and Impact

Here, you classify stakeholders based on their influence and impact on the project.

You can attribute the stakeholders as follows: high-influence or low-influence, high-impact or low-impact.

Power, Urgency, and Legitimacy

Many experts call this the显着模型. Unlike others, this model uses three parameters to classify stakeholders: power, urgency, and legitimacy.

Here, stakeholders’ attributes can be core, dominant, dangerous, dependent, latent, discretionary, or demanding.

After the classification is complete, you can group the stakeholders accordingly and develop your management strategy.

Stakeholder Management Strategy

A solid stakeholder management strategy is vital to your project success. This will help you win their support. You can focus on important stakeholders and avoid less influential ones. This will save you time and energy as well.

尽管您可以自由使用任何模型，但功率/兴趣模型是最著名的。您可以绘制图表，如下所示。

The horizontal line denotes interest, and the vertical line is for power.

在此模型中，您可以将利益相关者分为四类：

1. High-power – high-interest
2. 高功率 - 低利益
3. Low-power – high-interest
4. Low-power – low-interest

You will use the following strategies to manage stakeholders:

• 高功率和高息组应受到最大的谨慎管理。
• 高功率和低息利益相关者应保持满足。
• The low-power and high-interest stakeholders should be kept informed.
• The low-power and low-interest groups require the least effort. They should only be monitored.

Keep monitoring your stakeholders for any status change. You never know when a low-power stakeholder will become high-power and influential. Likewise, a powerful stakeholder may become less so in a later stage of the project.

The Purpose of a Stakeholder Management Strategy

The purpose of stakeholder management is to gain stakeholders’ support. If the stakeholder has a negative effect, it will help you decrease their impact. You can change negative stakeholders into positive ones with a proper strategy. A successful strategy can ensure a fruitful project.

利益相关者的管理可以广泛定义，也可以详细介绍。小型项目可以制定非正式策略，但是较大的项目必须具有详细的，有据可查的策略。

更加关注您的负利益相关者。他们是可能危及您项目成功的人。但是，如果您主动管理它们，它们的影响可能会变得积极

A stakeholder management strategy is a necessary part of your planning. Without it, you will face many issues during your project.

失败的利益相关者管理策略的真实例子

A few years back, an automobile company tried to open a manufacturing plant in India. They collaborated with the state government and bought the land to build the plant.

The plant was almost complete when the local farmers, who used to own the land, became agitated. They started making new demands; supported by a party in political opposition to a manufacturing plant.

困扰遍及全州。最后，该公司必须将设施转移到另一个州。这导致公司给州政府带来巨大的损失和尴尬。

州政府没有考虑当地利益相关者。如果农民参与其中，情况会有所不同

This is an example of a poor stakeholder management strategy.

Start managing your stakeholders from the very beginning of the project. They will work with you, and you may not face any problems in accessing resources.

必须了解利益相关者的需求。定期沟通将帮助他们了解您的项目的要求，并确保他们与项目联系。

利益相关者管理计划可能具有敏感信息。不要分享它并将其保持在安全的位置。

The Benefits of a Good Stakeholder Management Strategy

Stakeholder management is important for your project success. It helps you get the stakeholders’ buy-in.

Here are a few benefits of the stakeholder management strategy:

• 通过满足他们的期望和要求来使利益相关者满意。
• Avoids scope creep and mitigates issues that may cause problems for the project.
• 确保您从利益相关者那里得到完全的合作，但妨碍了最小的障碍。

概括

项目管理就是满足利益相关者的需求和要求。它们可能是您项目的威胁或机会。赢得负面利益相关者的支持将对您的项目的成功至关重要。管理层应从项目的早期阶段开始，以帮助您赢得利益相关者的支持。如果您不这样做，那么您的项目将无法结束。

How do you manage stakeholders on the projects you manage? Please share your thoughts in the comments section.