project-vs-project-life-cycle

您可能会认为项目生命周期和产品生命周期相似。他们不是。作为项目经理，您应该知道这两个概念之间的区别，以使您的业务目标与您的业务目标保持一致项目目标.

由于项目生产产品然后结束，并且产品停留更长的时间，因此产品生命周期大于项目生命周期。

On the PMP exam, you may see a few questions on this topic, so understand it well.

项目生命周期

项目生命周期是项目从启动到封闭的一系列阶段。项目是为了生产产品，服务或结果而进行的，并且在交付了项目后，项目生命周期不再存在。

项目生命周期有许多阶段，每个阶段都包含这些过程组的活动：启动，计划，执行，监视和控制以及关闭。这些相通常是顺序的，可以重叠。

In the initiation phase, you develop the项目章程and identify stakeholders.

项目管理计划将在计划阶段制定，您将在执行阶段构建实际产品。

Monitoring and controlling activities happen throughout the project, although these processes can overlap or repeat.

In closing, you hand over the product to the client and close the project.

项目生命周期不一定是产品生命周期的一部分。如果项目的输出是服务或结果，则不会成为产品生命周期的一部分。

Themanbet最新版defines the project life cycles in four phases:

  1. 开始项目
  2. Organizing and preparing
  3. 进行项目工作
  4. 关闭项目

The following are some characteristics of a project life cycle:

  • 风险随着项目的进行，项目启动并减少时会更高。
  • Staff requirements are low at the beginning of the project, maximum during the execution, and afterward, may decrease.
  • 在项目开始时，变化的成本是最低的，随着项目进一步的发展，它开始增加。
  • 利益相关者在项目开始时，影响力更高，随着项目进一步的发展，它开始减少。
  • 大多数资金和时间都是在执行阶段花费的。

Example

Suppose you have a project to build a new motorcycle.

首先你identify the stakeholders并收集要求。收集要求后，您将制定制造摩托车的计划。

然后，您开始建造摩托车的真正工作。

Finally, you will hand over this product to your client, and the project will be closed.

产品生命周期

产品生命周期描述了产品从概念到退休的阶段。

The stages of the product life cycle are development, introduction, growth, maturity, and retirement. These phases are sequential and do not overlap. The project life cycle can be a part of one or more phases in the product life cycle.

在开发阶段，您将产生想法并创建产品。

The introduction stage is for marketing the product and starting to sell the product to customers.

在增长阶段，销售额增加。

In the maturity stage, the product is accepted, and sales are at their peak.

The last stage is the retirement stage. At this level, you will try to sell out all of your inventory and move on to the next product. This stage happens due to technical advancement or because your product is not selling enough to support its production cost.

请注意，并非所有产品都进入最后阶段；有些被丢弃，有些则永远不会过期。

产品生命周期阶段没有持续时间限制，一个阶段可能比其他阶段更长。例如，丰田花冠和凯美瑞是旧产品，仍处于增长或成熟阶段，我看不到它们很快就会在退休阶段处于退休阶段。

A product life cycle can have many project life cycles. For example, the first project life cycle can be the development of the project, and the other, adding a function to the product.

In most cases, the project life cycle is a subset of the product life cycle because the product life cycle continues even after the project is completed.

Example

让我们考虑一下您公司想要推出的新摩托车的产品生命周期。

第一步是想法产生。这包括feasibility study，市场研究和业务计划。然后，您启动一​​个项目来制造这辆自行车。

Once the motorcycle is ready, your project is complete and the project life cycle ends. However, the product life cycle continues. Now the next phase of the product life cycle begins, and that is selling and marketing the motorcycle.

您将在销售后提供售后支持，最后，退休阶段开始了。

The retirement phase may include selling motorcycles at a discounted price.

在产品生命周期中，如果您在产品中添加新功能，您将为此过程创建一个新项目：例如，提高摩托车的发动机容量以支持更快的拾取速度。

项目和产品生命周期之间的差异

The following are a few differences between the project life cycle and the product life cycle:

  • A product life cycle can have single or multiple projects.
  • 产品生命周期比项目生命周期更长。
  • The project life cycle has a definite end while the product life cycle may not.
  • The map for the product life cycle is conceptual and depends on market conditions while projects have predictive and well-defined roadmaps.
  • 产品生命周期阶段不会重叠，而项目阶段可能重叠。
  • Phases generally occur only once in the product life cycle while in the project life cycle phases may repeat.
  • 阶段在产品生命周期中是顺序的，而在项目生命周期阶段可能是或可能不是顺序的。

概括

项目生命周期是产品生命周期的一部分。项目生命周期通常是产品生命周期的子集。产品生命周期从想法的成立开始，并在产品退休时结束。该组织的业务模型取决于产品周期。产品生命周期包括产品的整个寿命，包括更新和升级，但是，在项目的帮助下，产品升级。

请在评论部分中分享您在项目或产品生命周期中的角色。