项目生命周期与产品生命周期

You may think that the project life cycle and the product life cycle are similar; they are not. As a project manager, you should know the difference between these two concepts to align your business objectives with your project objectives.

由于项目生产产品然后结束，并且产品停留更长的时间，因此产品生命周期大于项目生命周期。

On the PMP exam, you may see a few questions on this topic, so understand it well.

Project Life Cycle

项目生命周期是项目从启动到封闭的一系列阶段。项目是为了生产产品，服务或结果而进行的，并且在交付了项目后，项目生命周期不再存在。

A project life cycle has many phases, and each phase consists of activities from these process groups: initiation, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. The phases are generally sequential and can overlap.

在开始阶段，您会开发project charter并确定stakeholders.

项目管理计划将在计划阶段制定，您将在执行阶段构建实际产品。

Monitoring and controlling activities happen throughout the project, although these processes can overlap or repeat.

In closing, you hand over the product to the client and close the project.

项目生命周期是不一定的一部分the product life cycle. If the project’s output is a service or result, it will not be a part of the product life cycle.

Themanbet最新版defines the project life cycles in four phases:

1. Starting the project
2. Organizing and preparing
3. 进行项目工作
4. Closing the project

The following are some characteristics of a project life cycle:

• Risksare higher when the project starts and decrease as the project progresses.
• Staff requirements are low at the beginning of the project, maximum during the execution, and afterward, may decrease.
• 在项目开始时，变化的成本是最低的，随着项目进一步的发展，它开始增加。
• Stakeholder influence is higher at the beginning of the project, and it starts decreasing as the project moves further.
• 大多数资金和时间都是在执行阶段花费的。

Example

Suppose you have a project to build a new motorcycle.

First, you identify the stakeholders and collect the requirements. Once the requirements are collected, you will develop a plan to build the motorcycle.

然后你开始建立电机的实际工作cycle.

最后，您将把此产品交给客户，该项目将关闭。

产品生命周期

产品生命周期描述了产品从概念到退休的阶段。

The stages of the product life cycle are development, introduction, growth, maturity, and retirement. These phases are sequential and do not overlap. The project life cycle can be a part of one or more phases in the product life cycle.

In the development stage, you will generate the idea and create the product.

The introduction stage is for marketing the product and starting to sell the product to customers.

在增长阶段，销售额增加。

In the maturity stage, the product is accepted, and sales are at their peak.

最后阶段是退休阶段。在此级别上，您将尝试销售所有库存，然后转到下一个产品。此阶段是由于技术进步而发生的，或者您的产品销售不足以支持其生产成本。

Please note that not all products reach the final stage; some are discarded and others never expire.

Product life cycle phases have no duration limit, one phase can be longer than others. For example, the Toyota Corolla and Camry are old products and are still in the growth or maturity stage, and I do not see them coming under the retirement stage any time soon.

A product life cycle can have many project life cycles. For example, the first project life cycle can be the development of the project, and the other, adding a function to the product.

在大多数情况下，项目生命周期是产品生命周期的子集，因为即使在项目完成后，产品生命周期仍在继续。

Example

让我们考虑一下您公司想要推出的新摩托车的产品生命周期。

The first step is idea generation. This includes afeasibility study, market research, and a business plan. Then you initiate a project to build this bike.

Once the motorcycle is ready, your project is complete and the project life cycle ends. However, the product life cycle continues. Now the next phase of the product life cycle begins, and that is selling and marketing the motorcycle.

您将在销售后提供售后支持，最后，退休阶段开始了。

可能包括销售motorcycl退休阶段es at a discounted price.

During the product life cycle, if you add new functions to the product, you will create a new project for this process: for example, increasing the engine capacity of the motorcycle to support faster pickup.

项目和产品生命周期之间的差异

The following are a few differences between the project life cycle and the product life cycle:

• A product life cycle can have single or multiple projects.
• 产品生命周期比项目生命周期更长。
• The project life cycle has a definite end while the product life cycle may not.
• The map for the product life cycle is conceptual and depends on market conditions while projects have predictive and well-defined roadmaps.
• 产品生命周期阶段不会重叠，而项目阶段可能重叠。
• Phases generally occur only once in the product life cycle while in the project life cycle phases may repeat.
• Phases are sequential in the product life cycle, while in the project life cycle phases may or may not be sequential.

Summary

The project life cycle is a part of the product life cycle. The project life cycle is usually a subset of the product life cycle. The product life cycle starts from the inception of the idea and ends when the product is retired. The organization’s business model depends on the product cycle. A product life cycle includes the entire life of the product including update and upgrade, however, products are upgraded with the help of a project.

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