Assumptions and Constraints in Project Management

今天，我们将通过查看现实世界的示例来讨论项目假设和约束。

Imagine you want to go shopping at a mall that takes one hour to reach by car.

You assumed that you would leave your home at around 6:00 pm and reach the mall by 7:00 pm.

这是一个假设的一个例子，您认为这是真实的。

What about constraints?

在购物示例中，您可以想到两个。第一个约束是金钱。如果您手中有500美元，那就是您可以在这次购物旅行上花费的全部。第二个约束是购物中心的关闭时间；让我们说是在晚上10:30。这意味着在那之后您不能继续购物。

同样，项目也有假设和约束。如果您想成功完成项目，则必须理解和管理这些因素。

让我们潜水。

项目假设and Project Constraints

Project assumptions and constraints are identified at the beginning of the project. Throughout the project life cycle, they will be refined and re-analyzed. Project assumptions and constraints are key to many processes in the PMBOK Guide.

您项目的一个重要方面，假设和约束无法像要求一样管理风险. However, documenting them helps to protect you from future aggravation. You should outline your project’s assumptions and constraints in the project scope statement.

项目假设

一个假设是您认为是真实的。这些是您项目生命周期期间预期的预期事件或情况。您根据自己的经验或手头上可用的信息做出假设。

Assumptions may not end up being true. In fact, they can sometimes be false and may negatively affect your project, adding risk to the project.

例如，让我们重新考虑较早的示例。您认为到达目的地需要一个小时。如果您被困在交通中并且无法按时到达购物中心会发生什么？

Your assumption turned out to be false. Now your shopping is at risk because you don’t have as much time as planned.

This can also happen to your project.

For example, you assumed that you could get the necessary equipment whenever you needed it. However, you couldn’t get it when the time came due to shortages or supply-chain problems.

现在您处于困难。

Assumptions play an essential role in developing a风险管理计划. Therefore, as a project manager, you must analyze each assumption and predict its impact.

项目假设示例

• 您将获得所需的所有资源。新万博登录手机版
• During the rainy season, cheap labor will be available.
• 所有相关stakeholderswill come to the next meeting.
• 您的团队成员具有所有必要的技能。
• All equipment is in good condition.
• The supplier will deliver consumables on time.

您可以看到，如果上述任何假设有所不同，那么您的项目将受到根本影响。

Project Constraints

项目限制是对项目施加的限制，例如预算，时间表或资源。新万博登录手机版

The PMBOK Guide识别六个项目限制：范围，质量，时间表，预算，资源和风险。新万博登录手机版在这六个中，范围，时间表和预算被称为三重约束。

These constraints are defined at the beginning of your project, and you must work within their boundaries.

A constraint can be of two types:

1. Business Constraints
2. Technical Constraints

Business Constraints

Business constraints depend on the state of your organization. They are high-level constraints and often defined when the project starts, like time, budget, and resources.

Changes to these constraints are rare, and the project management team has to work within them.

Technical Constraints

技术约束限制您的设计选择。它们是固定的，对技术规格的任何更改都可能影响您的项目计划。

例如，假设您正在构建管道。根据设计，管道应承受一定数量的压力；这是您的技术限制，一个固定的现实。

Every project has constraints. Therefore, you must identify all of them and develop your plan accordingly. Constraints are outside of your control, imposed by clients, organizations, or government regulations.

Project Constraints Example

A few examples of constraints are:

• 你必须达到第一个里程碑一个月内。
• You have to work with the available resources.
• 您只有两名现场工程师。

假设与约束

The following are a few differences between assumptions and constraints:

• 假设被认为是真实的，而约束本质上是真实的。
• Assumptions are good for the project, while most of the time, constraints are not favorable to the project objective.
• 如果假设成为错误，则对该项目来说是个坏消息。但是，如果约束是错误的，则是积极的。

假设和约束在计划过程中作为项目管理计划的基础起着至关重要的作用。

Any assumption is a potential risk for your project, because, if any assumption is incorrect, you are in trouble. Your风险管理plan heavily depends on assumptions and constraints. Failing to identify any of them can affect your project.

概括

假设和约束是您项目的重要组成部分。他们需要连续识别，控制和监视。

假设是您认为是真实的条件，并且约束是对项目的固定限制。需要实际分析假设，而在整个项目生命周期中，需要清楚地确定约束。管理假设和限制对于以最小的阻塞来完成您的项目是必要的。

Project assumptions and project constraints are essential topics from a PMP certification exam point of view. You may see questions about this.

您项目对您的项目的假设和约束又如何呢？请通过评论部分分享您的经验。