质量保证与质量控制（QA与QC）

Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) are the processes most vital for a project’s success. However, professionals often confuse and intermingle the two.

Allow me to clarify the concepts. After reading this Quality Assurance Vs Quality Control (QA vs QC) blog post, I hope you will have a better understanding of the quality assurance and quality management processes.

Every project has QC and QA functions. The QC section communicates and coordinates with the QA department and the organization.

Since these processes work closely together, many professionals, especially those working in small and medium-sized organizations, do not understand the differences.

几年前，我在ISO 9001培训课程中会见了许多参与质量管理的专业人员。这些人有不同的背景，并且正在各个领域工作。

One man told me he was working as a QA/QC engineer in his company, and I questioned him about his responsibilities and duties.

他回答说，他四处检查工作是否按计划进行。他检查具有规格的可交付成果，并建议corrective actionif the deliverable has deviation or the process is out of control.

然后，我询问他有关他工作的质量保证部分。他给了我同样的回应。

This told me he was not aware of his quality assurance responsibilities.

Often QA or QC or QA/QC engineers are not aware of their job responsibilities, especially in small organizations, because the differences can be so murky.

Sometimes, they don’t know the meaning of QA or QC.

This issue is prevalent in small or medium-sized organizations, where there are rarely the resources to hire both QA and QC engineers.

In such cases, the employee may possess the title of QA while working in QC and sometimes QC working as QA. Or their responsibilities and duties may be even more scrambled.

This ambiguity needs to be corrected because it does affect the quality of the deliverable and the success of the project.

Quality Assurance Vs Quality Control (QA vs QC)

质量保证是管理产品质量的过程。

质量控制用于验证产品的正确性和质量。

Before we discuss the differences between these concepts in detail, we have first to understand the term “quality.”

菲利普·布罗斯比（Philip B.

根据ISO 8402：1996 - 质量管理和质量保证词汇标准，“质量是产品或服务的全部特征和特征，它具有满足既定或暗示需求的能力。”

According to ISO 9000:2000 – Set of International Quality Standards and Guidelines for Quality Management Systems, “Quality is the degree to which a set of inherent (existing) characteristics fulfills requirements.”

Simply put, “quality” is about meeting the customer’s requirements to see if the deliverable is fit for use.

If a product meets or exceeds the customer’s requirements, it is said to be of high quality. It is of low quality if it does not.
Please note that, regardless of the product’sgrade, the quality should be high;由于任何原因，您都无法妥协质量。

Quality Assurance (QA)

Assurance is an act of providing confidence that the customer can believe in.

QA guarantees the quality of the product, by ensuring that the output of the process is defect-free and conforms to all requirements.

Quality assurance is a process-based approach with the objective of preventing defects in deliverables while in the planning stage to avoid expensive reworks.

QA is a proactive process; it emphasizes planning, documenting, and finalizing guidelines. This helps communicate the product’s requirements and starts at the beginning of the project.

确定要求后，您将制定质量管理计划，以满足利益相关者的要求和期望。

Tools Used in the Quality Assurance Process

The following tools are used in quality management:

• Quality audits
• Process analysis
• Quality management tools.

质量审计,外部专家牧师的一个团队iews the process and procedures. If there are any discrepancies, they will suggest corrective action, and they may offer advice on improving the process.

Quality audit is a great tool to ensure that the project follows best practices and approved procedures.

In the process analysis, you analyze for any improvements, discover the root cause of any problems, and identify any non-value-added activities.

Quality management and control tools include various diagrammatic techniques, which help you find ideas, make decisions, and prioritize issues. A few examples include an affinity diagram, a tree diagram, a network diagram, etc.

Quality Control (QC)

Quality control (QC) is a product-based approach that includes the activities and techniques for fulfilling quality requirements.

质量控制功能始于项目的开头。这是一种反应性方法，有助于在可交付成果中找到缺陷。QC过程的目的是确保可交付成果没有缺陷和满足质量要求。

The quality control process has the following objectives: finding any defects in the product, correcting them, and validating the deliverable.

QA and QC depend on each other; the quality control process receives input from the quality assurance process and provides feedback to the quality assurance process so that the quality assurance personal can validate the process.

例如，假设项目团队在执行过程中发现缺陷。他们将纠正它，并将反馈发送给质量保证团队。

该团队将调查错误的原因，并采取行动以确保不再发生。

过程更新后，质量控制人员将遵循更新的过程，以阻止缺陷发生。

The quality assurance process takes inputs from the quality control process and vice versa.

Tools Used in the Quality Control Process

The quality control process has three main techniques:

• Inspection
• Statistical sampling
• The seven basic tools of quality

During an inspection, the deliverable is physically examined for any defects and to check it against the quality requirements.

统计抽样从批处理中选择一个随机数的项目，以检查它们是否有任何缺陷和一致性。

The seven basic tools of quality are:散点图,控制图, histograms, checklists,Pareto diagrams,因果分析, and flowcharts. These tools help find defects and the causes of defects.

The Differences Between Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Although the QA and QC processes are different, they complement each other, and the output of one process is an input of the other.

The Benefits of Quality Assurance and Quality Control Processes

• High-quality output and eliminate waste.
• 提高操作效率。
• Greater customer satisfaction, which helps your brand and grows your business.
• Lessen rework and after-sale support are required, which saves a lot of money.
• Encourages a high level of confidence and motivates the team.

Quality assurance and quality control are closely related; they both aim to deliver a defect-free product. Both processes are an integral part of a quality management plan, and failure to apply either of them will result in a low-quality product.

概括

The quality assurance and quality control processes ensure that a product is defect-free and conforms to requirements. Both have the same purpose but use different approaches. Quality assurance is process-based, and quality control is product-based. Quality assurance designs a process to create a defect-free product In contrast, quality control prevents a defective product from reaching the market.

These processes play essential roles in the success of your project. They can only be achieved effectively if the team and the organization understand their significance.

Another process, “validate scope,” might be combined with quality assurance and quality control. I have written a blog post to explain this as well.

Please visit:Quality Control and Validate Scope.

Here is where this post on QA vs QC ends.

Are you involved in quality assurance or quality control activities? Please share your experiences in the comment section.