Types of Organizational Structure

每个组织的结构都取决于他们正在处理的任务。如果工作是临时的，则该结构应允许临时雇用和射击等。

但是，如果组织具有永久性操作，则该结构应允许进行维护其运营的活动。

组织结构是一个确定人员层次结构，功能，工作流程和报告系统的系统。它是一个企业环境因素and it guides how an organization runs its operations.

随着组织的增长，他们的需求会发生变化。该结构必须适应以支持其目标。

为什么需要组织结构？

市场具有竞争力；因此，组织应适应市场需求并响应迅速。

结构差的组织将无法生存。

Awell-defined structure helps the organization realize its potential and support its objectives.

For example:

让我们说您的组织正在生产产品。您的客户感到满意，并且不太苛刻；您将选择哪种组织结构？

You will select the functional organizational structure because it supports production operations.

Let’s consider another case.

假设您的组织有十名员工，并处理小型项目。您总是开始寻找一个新项目。

在这种情况下，您将选择哪种结构？

你会选择projectized组织structure as you are dealing with projects.

Now, the final case.

Your organization is enormous. The work environment is dynamic. Customer requirements and market demands are always changing.

What kind of structure will you select?

您无法选择功能组织，因为它不允许快速更改其操作。

您也无法选择预测的结构。尽管它支持动态性质，但这还不够。您的组织很大，您需要永久部门来保持您的组织运作。纯粹的预测组织是不可能的。

因此，您将选择一个矩阵组织结构。它具有功能和预测的组织结构的素质，并将支持您的运营并帮助实现组织的目标。

Types of Organizational Structure

结构的类型取决于许多因素，例如管理风格，领导风格，工作流程，等级制度等。

The PMBOK Guide defines eight organizational structures:

• 有机或简单组织
• 功能或集中组织
• Multi-divisional Organization
• Matrix Organization
• Project Oriented (Composite or Hybrid) Organization
• 虚拟的组织
• 混合组织
• PMO

维基百科有六个组织结构：

• 爆发前结构
• Bureaucratic Structure
• 爆发后结构
• Functional Structure
• divisional Structure
• Matrix Structure

Some other sources divide them into the following categories:

• Simple Organization
• Functional Organization
• divisional Organization
• Matrix Organization
• Team-Based Organization
• Network-Based Organization
• 模块化组织

在互联网上，您会发现更多的结构。但是，上面的分类是最受欢迎的。

Since this blog is dedicated toPMP exam preparation, I will focus on the PMBOK Guide’s definitions and explain the other structures in brief.

Organic or Simple Structure

在这里，您可以单独或并排工作。

You may be the only employee in your company.

Instances of this type are solopreneur, OPC (One Person Company), or a freelancer.

功能（集中）组织结构

This is the most commonly used organizational structure. Here, the organization comprises various departments, each department has people with similar skills: sales department, marketing department, finance department, to name a few.

这有助于组织提高每个功能群体的效率。

Multi-Divisional Organization

在这里，您可能有许多功能部门，并有一些集中化。通常，这些分裂是独立的。项目经理没有权力；但是，他们有兼职人员。

An organization is divided into various divisions. Employees with diverse skills are kept together in the form of groups based on a similar product, service, or geographic location. Each division has the resources required to function and can do the task on its own.

Matrix Organizational Structure

这是功能和预测的组织结构的混合体。在这里，您有两个命令结构：垂直和水平。员工可能属于功能组，但也可以从事项目。这种结构使用两全其美。

Amatrix organizational structure can be of three types:

1. Strong Matrix Structure
2. Balanced Matrix Structure
3. Weak Matrix Structure

Strong Matrix Structure

Strong matrix organizations are closer to a projectized organization. Here the project managers have the highest authority, control over the budget, and a full-time team reporting to them.

Balanced Matrix Structure

Abalanced matrix has properties of both functional and projectized structures. Here, project managers have a low-to-moderate authority and a part-time team. The budget is managed by both the project manager and the functional manager.

Weak Matrix Structure

弱矩阵更接近功能结构。在这里，项目经理的权力较低，无法控制预算；他们将有一个兼职团队。

Project Oriented (Composite or Hybrid) Organizational Structure

A预计组织显然处理项目。项目经理有权成功完成该项目，担任全职职位，对预算的控制以及向他们报告的全职团队。

Ateam-based structure is another name for a projectized organizational structure.

虚拟的组织

许多专家称其为虚拟公司。中央组织通过互联网连接到外部公司。外部公司可以是供应商，客户或合伙人。这种结构有助于组织实现公司的增长和更大的利润。在网络结构中，该组织将其核心业务保持在本身，而其余流程则被外包。该结构也被称为空心公司，空心组织或网络结构。

Here the project manager has a low-to-moderate authority, however, they have mixed control over the budget. They may or may not have a full-time team reporting them.

Hybrid

True to its name, this structure may use any combination of the organizational structures.

Suppose yours is a functional organization. It needs a small building, and your organization has the capability to build it. In this case, your organization will create a separate project team to complete this task.

这是一个混合结构。责任，权威和其他因素也取决于结构。

PMO

PMO is also a mixed organizational structure. Project managers have the highest authority. They control the budget and have a full team reporting to them.

这是有关组织结构的博客文章结束的地方。

现在，让我们看一下PMBOK指南中未提及的其他组织结构。manbet最新版这仅用于您的信息。不要期望在PMP考试中看到有关这些类型结构的问题。

The Simple Structure

This structure is suitable for small organizations in their early stages. They have just started and are in the development phase. Here, the authority lies with a single person. These structures have a few rules and work is low skilled.

Some scholars call this a pre-bureaucratic structure.

The Modular Structure

In this structure, the organization outsources some parts of a product.

Keep in mind that in the network structure the organization outsources the processes, while in a modular structure they outsource only a few parts of the product.

Pre-Bureaucratic Structure

Pre-bureaucratic organizations do not have standard procedures and policies. This structure is used by small-scale organizations and has a few employees who handle simple tasks. It has a central command with one decision-maker in the top position.

Communication takes place on a one-on-one basis and it usually is informal.

Bureaucratic Structure

这种结构适合具有复杂操作的大型组织，需要平稳管理。他们有标准的程序和过程。

这种组织结构的一个例子是粮食和饮料行业，那里有严格的规定。

Post-Bureaucratic Structure

开发后组织的组织是开发的，并具有各种标准和程序。这些组织有一个由几个董事会成员组成的中央命令，通过民主进程做出决定。这鼓励员工参与，信任，个人待遇和责任。

The Advantages of an Effective Organizational Structure

组织结构具有明确的报告结构。它通过澄清角色和责任来减少员工之间的摩擦。

拥有适当的组织结构可以为任何组织带来巨大的利益。其中一些好处是：

• It allows an organization to grow.
• Focuses attention on your strategic goals, instead of each department focusing on its agenda.
• 团结一群人，并将他们指向一个共同的目标。
• 鼓励员工提高技能。
• It makes the decision-making process efficient, smoother, and faster.
• Facilitates the specialization of employees.
• 它可以更好地控制和使用资源。新万博登录手机版
• 建立适当的报告系统。
• Enables easier and better communication, which helps in reducing conflicts.
• Allows employees to perform better.
• Helps employees grow their career and streamline new employees.
• Identify clear roles and responsibilities.

Conclusion

An organizational structure is a framework that helps organizations achieve their business objectives. It defines the relationship between the various departments and teams. It helps organizations to delegate authority, power, and responsibility.

An organizational structure shows employees a transparent reporting system helping to avoid conflicts and supporting good communication. An organizational structure is essential for smooth functioning. An organization should choose its structure depending on its needs and requirements. An incorrect structure will hinder growth.

What type of structure does your organization have? Please share your experiences at work in the comments section.